Wednesday, November 6, 2013

Amendment 66: a $1 billion bust- Denver Post Editorial


Amendment 66: a $1 billion bust
Posted: DenverPost.com

The drubbing of Amendment 66 Tuesday may have been a defeat for education reform and funding equity, but we understand why so many voters were reluctant to support the measure. The recession is over but times are still tough for many families, incomes remain in the doldrums and educational bureaucracies are not terribly trustworthy.

Throw into that mix a complex, billion-dollar tax proposal and most voters, it turns out, didn't want to go near it. They rejected the amendment decisively even though most of them probably never heard a single extended argument against it.

They couldn't have heard one, actually, given the lopsided nature of the public debate.

The pro-66 side raised more than $10 million that it lavished on advertising, messaging and get-out-the-vote efforts, thanks in part to huge donations from teachers unions, Michael Bloomberg, and Bill and Melinda Gates.

Opponents meanwhile had barely the equivalent of a street-corner megaphone at their disposal. And yet Colorado voters, in another display of independence, ignored the prodding in one direction and chose to go their own way.
They didn't merely defeat Amendment 66. They demolished the idea that voters are putty in the hands of consultants, alluring ads and expert appeals. It's not a new lesson, but one that needs to be relearned occasionally given the persistent claims that money buys elections.

Money usually helps, of course, but it's not always pivotal. And in this case it seems hardly to have helped at all.
Unfortunately, the admirable reforms and program expansions that Amendment 66 would have paid for, authorized by Senate Bill 213, won't go into effect now. SB 213 was contingent on more funding for at-risk students, preschoolers, full-day kindergarten, and a variety of other programs and innovations. It was the capstone of recent state reform measures and it can't be implemented without more revenue.

So will the reforms fall by the wayside? Under the bill, Coloradans have until November 2017 to fund them. So supporters could return in two or three years with another tax plan that might be more palatable.

After Tuesday's loss, however, it's hard to see how they could go back to the ballot without a new reform plan, too.

Lawmakers not only passed SB 213, of course, but several other measures that alienated a vocal swath of the electorate — the early evidence being this year's two Senate recalls. But even alienated voters have their limits, and we're pleased to report that the misguided 51st state initiative ran aground in several counties.

Meanwhile, with the easy passage of Proposition AA, the state will at least have money to properly regulate new retail marijuana outlets scheduled to open in two months. The world is watching to see how Colorado manages this foray into uncharted territory, and it is critical the state not scrimp on oversight. Now it won't have to.

In other important results, the reform agenda of Denver schools Superintendent Tom Boasberg fortunately appears safe for the time being after board candidates who supported it prevailed.

And a different but also important education reform agenda apparently survived a determined challenge in Douglas County.

But the big news of the night, clearly, was the decisive manner in which voters rejected Amendment 66. To the question of whether the state should raise the income tax, Coloradans didn't just say no. They shouted it.

School tax soundly defeated-DRO Herald article


School tax soundly defeated

Spending spree isn't enough to sway voters to raise income tax rate
Photo by: ED ANDRIESKI/Associated Press
State Sen. Mike Johnston, center, D-Denver, his wife Courtney, left, and Denver Mayor Michael Hancock, right, learn that Amendment 66, which would have created wholesale changes for how Colorado funds public education, was voted down.

By Joe Hanel Herald staff writer
DENVER – A multimillion-dollar campaign to increase taxes for schools failed to budge Colorado voters away from their anti-tax stance.

For public-school advocates, the loss of Amendment 66 is especially tough after more than $10 million in campaign spending failed to persuade voters that schools need their help.
Two years ago, Proposition 103 sought a sales and income tax increase for schools. It lost by nearly the same 2-to-1 margin as Amendment 66, even though the Prop 103 campaign raised just $600,000.

Gov. John Hickenlooper said the potential reward of smaller classes and more resources for teachers was worth the risk of asking voters for a tax increase in a tough year. He vowed to keep working on better funding for schools.

“Every great social victory in the history of this country is based on a number of failures,” Hickenlooper said.

Amendment 66 sought to raise Colorado's 4.63 percent income tax rate to 5 percent, or 5.9 percent on income above $75,000. It would have raised $1 billion a year and triggered a new formula for state support for schools.

Montezuma-Cortez schools stood to gain the most in the Four Corners from Amendment 66. The loss means they will not get a projected $1,200 extra per student.

State Sen. Michael Johnston, D-Denver, wrote the new school-funding formula, which would have helped the poorest districts and the ones with the most disadvantaged students. The formula also would have provided money to pay for a controversial new teacher-evaluation system that the Legislature passed in 2010.

Johnston said even opponents agreed about the principles of school reforms.
“What we disagreed about is how to pay for them, and that was the question – the narrow question – that was decided (Tuesday),” Johnston said.

State Treasurer Walker Stapleton campaigned against the amendment, and he blamed its defeat on uncertainty among voters as to how their tax money would help students.
“Tonight is not a night for celebration,” Stapleton said. “Tonight is a night to go back to the drawing board and bring sustainable education reform to Colorado.”

Stapleton said voters needed more assurances that their money would not be wasted or diverted to pay for retirement systems.

The Amendment 66 campaign received $2 million each from the National Education Association and its Colorado chapter. Microsoft founder Bill Gates and his wife, Melinda, and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg each donated $1 million in the home stretch, allowing the campaign to blanket the state with more than $3 million in television advertising in the last two weeks of October.

Hickenlooper's campaign team, OnSight Public Affairs, ran the Amendment 66 campaign. The team borrowed from President Barack Obama's campaign playbook and spent much of its time and money on door-to-door campaigning, opening 18 field offices across the state.
But none of those advantages did much to change the results from 2011.

A shoestring opposition campaign funded by the right-leaning Independence Institute argued that the extra money would be sucked up by administration or retirement expenses before it found its way into classrooms. The Yes on 66 campaign tried to convince voters that the Legislature had set up safeguards to make sure voters could see the money would indeed benefit students and teachers.

La Plata County school districts briefly played a pivotal role in rewriting Johnston's school-funding formula. Testimony at the Legislature by superintendents from Durango, Bayfield and Ignacio convinced Johnston to rewrite the formula to include modest increases for Durango and Bayfield.

Turnout was low, with less than half of the people who voted in the 2012 presidential election casting a ballot this year. Even worse for Amendment 66 supporters, the wrong people stayed home.

In early voting through Monday night, Republicans – traditionally more hostile to tax increases – accounted for 40 percent of the ballots counted, while Democrats had less than 32 percent of the vote.



Monday, November 4, 2013

Voices: If education is too expensive, continue to support- ED NEWS CO.


In just over 24 hours, we will know if Coloradans were able to make the bold move of implementing the newest education reform initiative, “Amendment 66,” which would change the entire formula for how Colorado finances education. There will be an increase in state taxes, creating almo one billion dollars that would go directly into education the first year. Reporters, legislators, business leaders, school-board members, parents, and educators have all taken sides on Amendment 66 and have provided their input on why they do or do not support it. By November 5th, their votes will be counted. However, we haven’t heard much from students and how they feel about this piece of legislation, which will impact them more directly th anyone else involved. That is where I come in.

My name is Shelby Gonzales-Parker. As the first member of my family to attend college, I am currently a junior at Metropolitan State University of Denver, majoring in English, Secondary Education. My goal is to become a teacher in the Denver Public Schools. In 2010, I graduated from Denver Justice High School as the first valedictorian the school ever had. I became an advocate for education reform as a sophomore in high school when I w hired with Project VOYCE (Voices of Youth Changing Education) in 2008. Alternative charter schools and Project VOYCE are the two places that n only saw leadership potential in me, but also helped cultivate the leader would become.

In May of 2004, one of my older brothers, whom I looked up to all my life, Levi, was killed in a car accident when he was only 17 years old. My life a the view I had on life changed forever. After only a year of Levi passing, I was expelled from my middle school, put on probation for multiple offense and was told I was an “at-risk” student. Although I always excelled academically, my behavior and lack of resources labeled me as a student that was destined to fail. After being sent to an alternative school, two educators told me I could be the change I wished to see, if I took my education seriously and made a difference in my community. I was never suspended again. Shortly thereafter, I decided to become a teacher and was hired by Project VOYCE. I also became a single mother, at the age of 17, to a beautiful baby boy who I named Levi after my brother. In 2010, Governor Ritter appointed me as the first and only student on the Colorado State Council for Educator Effectiveness, leading the work and recommendations around S 191. For the two years I served, I represented all 840,000 Colorado students.
So what does this have to do with Amendment 66? Well, I’d like to say, EVERYTHING.

If passed, Amendment 66 would increase taxes from 4.63 percent to 5 percent and 5.9 percent after the first year for anyone earning $75,000 or more year. Although Colorado would still be one of the last states in the country for the amount we pay in state taxes (eighth lowest), people are still skeptic about putting additional money into education. Although education has one of the highest rates of return on investment, the fear remains, about puttin additional money into something and not being guaranteed any change.

However, in a state with barely half of all students graduating on time, and a growing number of students entering juvenile systems every day, this investment is a risk we need to take. The success of our children and our future economy is well worth the additional amount each individual will hav to pay annually.
With this amendment comes a new financing formula that will finally take steps to level the playing field for all children in Colorado. Cost of living w no longer be accounted for, and the amount of low income students and English Language Learners will be the main factor in determining how much money each district NEEDS. Therefore, districts with the highest amount of poverty and English language learners will benefit the most. The money will be directed specifically to education initiatives such as early childhood education, full-day kindergarten, charter schools, smaller class sizes, etc. Districts and principals will have more autonomy over the additional money they receive and a public website will be created to be transparent about how each school is allocating their dollars.
As a former Denver Public Schools student who experienced the struggle of attending multiple underserved schools, I believe this is something we desperately need to improve the quality of our education system.

The intention is not to take opportunity away from people, but instead to give it to those who have very little. If it were not for the alternative educatio was able to receive or the outside resources my school introduced me to, I would not be where I am today. I know more people dead, in jail or in priso than I know who graduated or made it to college and I don’t want that future for my son.

It isn’t fair that I made it while so many others didn’t. Currently in Colorado there are more than 1,600 youth locked up in juvenile facilities which cos on average $161 each day, per youth. That equals about $260,000 per day we are spending to lock up our youth. Now let’s look at adults. According t recent study done by the VERA Institute of Justice, in Colorado it costs an average of $30,000 per year to incarcerate one inmate. Colorado taxpayers are paying $606.2 million a year to support prisons and to keep people incarcerated. And yet, when it comes to education, we are among the last states for the amount we spend per student (about $6,600 compared to the national average of $10,700 per student.)

Is this what we want to be known for in Colorado? Is it the American thing to put more money into prisons than schools and to stand silent while children from low income families begin their lives and education way behind the starting line? Speaking for the students and my son, I say no. Under funding education hurts all students and every taxpayer for decades to come. Providing children with a quality education and the resources they need, will prevent them from entering the juvenile system, and would therefore mean less money that would need to go into prisons.

-If we want to teach our children to be caring, responsible, critical thinkers, successful at whatever they do, than we need to set the example and give them that opportunity. If we want schools and educators to be effective, they need the resources to make it happen. According to a recent report by A+ Denver, in Denver Public Schools, 50 percent of white students scored a 23 or higher on their ACT while only 6 percent of Latinos and 7 percent of African Americans scored a 23 or above (in 2012.) Clearly, there is an achievement gap that needs to be closed and without giving more resources to those truly in need, we will never see that happen. With that said I am voting YES on Amendment 66 and encourage you to do the same.

About the author
Shelby Gonzales-Parker’s life was headed in a dangerous direction in middle school. Fortunately, remarkable teachers connected with her and change her life around. Seeking a school that fit her culture and her voracious desire to learn, she attended four different schools before graduating from one o Denver’s newest charter schools as the first valedictorian. She is a single mom and attends Metro State University where her career goal is to become teacher. Shelby is now the Co-Training Director at Project VOYCE and Site Coordinator at Denver Center for 21st Century Learning (DC21).

Votes stream in day before election- DRO Herald 11-4-13


Votes stream in day before election

Ballots must be dropped off by 7 p.m. today
Photo by: SHAUN STANLEY/Durango Herald
Ann Smith of Durango drops off her ballot for the upcoming elections at the La Plata County Courthouse on Monday morning as poll workers Lon Erwin left and Ted LaMay assist.

By Dale Rodebaugh , Shane Benjamin Herald staff writers

Ballots were coming in quickly Monday at La Plata County Courthouse, a marked increase from the weeks leading up to Election Day.

“The pace is much better today,” County Clerk and Recorder Tiffany Lee Parker said in a brief interview at her office in Bodo Industrial Park. “Before today, it was disappointing.”
The drop-off pace at the courthouse was about 75 ballots an hour, Parker said.

As of 1:30 p.m., 28.2 percent of voters had cast ballots, she said. The average turnout for odd-year elections is 50 percent, she said.

Turnout is comparable to the 29 percent of La Plata County voters who cast ballots in 2011, the last off-year election, according to county numbers.

There are too many important issues on the ballot to let a handful of electors make the decisions, Parker said.

Ballots must be cast by 7 p.m. today.

“Don’t mail your ballot now,” Parker said. “It’s too late.”

Durango resident Betty Leonard dropped off two ballots Monday at the courthouse, one for herself and one for her daughter who is a teacher with Durango School District 9-R.

Leonard said she felt most strongly about Amendment 66, which would increase income taxes to fund schools.

She said her daughter has been forced to pay for printer ink out of her own pocket this year.
“They ran out of money in September for supplies,” Leonard said. “Every year, the budget gets cut more and more.”

Durango residents George Sterk and Dora Rivera also said Amendment 66 was of more significance. Both were in favor of the tax increase.

“We need something for the schools, so I’m in favor of it,” Sterk said. “I’m opposed to the people who don’t want to pay any taxes, who think everything should be free.”

All three voters said they were opposed to Durango’s bag fee, which would put a 10-cent fee on plastic and paper bags at large grocery stores.

Sterk said he would support a full bag ban, but placing a fee on bags is a half measure.
“I don’t think it’s effective,” he said. We need a total ban rather than a partial one.”

Volunteers Lon Erwin and Ted LaMay, operating a ballot box just inside the county courthouse Monday, said ballots had been coming in steadily most of the day. That box was available until 5 p.m. Monday. It will be available from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. today.

They said that as four people were dropping off ballots and one woman was bringing in a stack of about six that included members of her family and church.

Statewide and countywide, voter turnout through last week had been lower than election officials predicted.

Parker said 35,402 ballots were mailed to La Plata County residents. Returns are overwhelmingly by mail or drop-offs, she said. At 1:30 p.m., five people had used the touch screen to vote at her office, and 13 people had cast a paper ballot.

The first results will be posted online about 7:30 p.m. on Election Day at www.laplatacountyclerk.org. She will make one more upload, Parker said. Those results will be the majority, but unofficial count, she said.

County voters face an unusually large number of important choices for an odd-numbered election. State issues are Amendment 66, which increases income-tax rates for schools, and Proposition AA, which would create taxes for recreational marijuana.

City of Durango voters must decide on consolidating the fire district and whether to uphold the City Council-approved bag fee ordinance.

Also, voters in the Durango and Bayfield schools districts will decide on the makeup of their boards.


Sunday, November 3, 2013

Voters find Amnd. 66 confusing- DRO Herald 11-3-13


Voters find Amnd. 66 confusing

Complexity confounds wary residents
Photo by: Brennan Linsley/Associated Press
Consultant Brent Haldiman talks with an AP reporter about the upcoming vote on a statewide ballot measure to raise taxes to fund education, at a coffee shop in Denver. The income-tax question to be decided by Colorado voters Tuesday would raise taxes an estimated $950 million a year.

By KRISTEN WYATT
Associated Press
DENVER – An income tax question to be decided by Colorado voters Tuesday sets up a watershed change for how public schools are funded and could be the largest voter-approved tax hike in state history.

But Amendment 66 is so complicated that it’s hard to find a voter who understands it.
The ballot measure rewrites Colorado’s labyrinthine School Finance Act to correct funding imbalances that state education officials say have grown worse over time. The proposal would raise income taxes an estimated $950 million a year. It also would revive a progressive income-tax structure Colorado abandoned in the 1980s.

For state-taxable income of $75,000 or less, the income-tax rate would increase from 4.63 percent to 5 percent. Income more than $75,000 would be taxed at 5.9 percent.

Supporters of the measure have raised more than $10 million to promote it. They’ve aired television ads promoting more arts education and other easy-to-understand upgrades that could result if voters pass the measure. Supporters have campaign offices spread across the state and are touting the amendment as an important investment in the state’s future.
Still, the measure’s prospects are far from certain.

Confusion and uncertainty seemed to dominate voters’ minds on several trips to question voters about the idea. Moms visiting the Denver Botanic Gardens liked the proposal but didn’t understand what it would do. Retirees at a coffee shop said they didn’t think either side of the tax campaign was giving them the full story. One mother grabbing a sandwich on her lunch break said she voted against the measure – because she thought it would take money away from schools.

The mood was summed up nicely by Brent Haldiman, a 32-year-old consultant in Denver who hadn’t made up his mind on the school tax measure last week.

“I want to say ‘yes,’ but I don’t know,” he said. “Everyone wants to give more money to schools, right? But what is this really going to do? I couldn’t tell you.”

The measure would raise per-pupil funding and backfill school budgets that were hurt by falling tax revenue during the recession. It would eliminate the state’s “cost-of-living factor” funding boost and drive more money to districts with large numbers of at-risk students.
The proposal also would fully fund half-day preschool for at-risk students and give schools money to implement stricter teacher-tenure standards.

Supporters call the school overhaul a complicated but necessary modernization of how Colorado funds public education. Critics complain that additional money doesn’t ensure students get better educations and that the measure doesn’t contain adequate safeguards to ensure the money is spent as intended.

The tax structure itself also has inspired debate. Some business groups have given the measure a chilly reception because it revives the progressive income tax framework Colorado used from the 1930s to the 1980s. Supporters of the measure insist that a progressive tax framework, where the wealthy pay a greater percentage of their incomes, is used in most states and won’t damage the economy.

Polling on the tax measure is scant, and voter turnout is projected to be low. It’s an electoral off-year and Amendment 66 supporters are prepared for half as many voters as in 2012.
Even guessing turnout is dicey. This is the first statewide election in which all registered voters received ballots at home.

Saturday, November 2, 2013

Voter turnout low with days to go- DRO Herald Article 10-31-13


Voter turnout low with days to go

Trend signals ‘big problem’ for school-tax amendment
By Joe Hanel Herald staff writer
DENVER – Turnout for Colorado’s first all-mail election is low with less than a week remaining to vote.

Republicans are voting in much higher numbers than Democrats – a troublesome fact for backers of a tax increase for schools.

As of Thursday morning, 622,066 voters had turned in their ballots, less than one in five of the state’s registered voters.

“All the indicators are that this is a more conservative electorate than we’ve seen in some time,” said Eric Sondermann, a Denver political analyst.

Votes cast so far have tended to come from registered Republicans, from more conservative parts of the state and from older voters. Also, men have closed the typical gender gap and are voting almost as much as women this year, Sondermann said.

Colorado voters have to decide whether to raise their income taxes for public schools (Amendment 66) and to impose taxes on the retail sale of marijuana (Proposition AA). Closer to home, voters are deciding on school-board races in Durango, Cortez, Bayfield and Archuleta County, mill levies for fire departments and a fee for plastic bags in the city of Durango.

Amendment 66 supporters are running by far the biggest campaign, a $10 million effort to convince voters to raise their income taxes for the first time since residents claimed the power to approve all tax hikes in 1992.

Republican voters have been much faster to turn in their ballots than Democrats and unaffiliated voters, and two weeks into voting, 40.6 percent of the ballots returned have been from Republicans, compared with 30.9 percent from Democrats.

“If today were Election Day and ballots were being counted today, it would be a big problem for Amendment 66,” Sondermann said.

Yes on 66 spokesman Curtis Hubbard says early turnout is not a big concern, despite Republicans’ traditional rejection of tax increases.

“I don’t think you can view this election through the lens of Republican versus Democrat,” he said. “That said, it doesn’t surprise us that people who are opposed to taxes will be quick to turn in their ballots.”

Under the mail voting law the Legislature passed this spring, Election Day on Tuesday is merely the last day in the three-week period of voting. Every registered voter is supposed to get a ballot in the mail, but people who want to vote in person can do so at a few centralized locations. Traditional neighborhood precincts will not be open this year.

La Plata County Clerk Tiffany Parker helped write and lobby for the mail-ballot law. So far this year, only 14 La Plata voters have showed up to vote in person instead of by mail, she said.

But mail turnout is low, too, with just 22 percent of registered voters casting ballots.
“I anticipated a lot higher turnout due to what we have on our ballot. It’s surprisingly low,” Parker said.

In the last odd-year election, less than a third of registered voters turned out. That year also had a proposed tax increase for education, Proposition 103. It lost by nearly a 2-to-1 margin.
The Yes on 66 campaign is trying to fight that history by waging the type of television and door-to-door campaign typically seen only in presidential races. The campaign has 18 field offices that are sending out volunteer and paid canvassers every day, Hubbard said.

Amendment 66 supporers will need to boost their numbers in Denver and its suburbs this weekend. Denver is the state’s most liberal large county, but only about 11 percent of its registered voters have had their ballots counted, compared with more than 17 percent in the conservative stronghold of El Paso County.

However, Denver has not processed all the ballots it has on hand. Denver County Clerk spokesman Alton Dillard said he expects to see a bump in Denver’s numbers this weekend.
The window to mail back ballots is closing. Ballots must be received at the county clerk’s office by 7 p.m. on Election Day, when the polls close.

Andrew Cole, a spokesman for the secretary of state’s office, said there is no hard deadline for dropping ballots in the mail.

“We always just say that if voters have any doubt a ballot will make it back by Election Day to go ahead and drop it off in person,” Cole said in an email.

Hubbard said the Yes on 66 campaign is telling voters they can drop their ballots in the mail as late as Saturday, as long as they are sure they don’t miss the mail carrier.

Friday, November 1, 2013

Ninth Grade: The Most Important Year in High School - The Atlantic- 11-1-13


Ninth Grade: The Most Important Year in High School

By Michele Willens
Kevin Wolf/AP Photo
Educators are increasingly focusing on the ninth grade as the year that determines whether a young person will move on or drop out of school. According to research published in the journal Education, ninth graders have the lowest grade point average, the most missed classes, the majority of failing grades, and more misbehavior referrals than any other high-school grade level. Ninth grade has increasingly become a “bottleneck” for students: A joint report from Princeton University and the Brookings Institution found “in 1970, there were 3 percent fewer tenth graders than ninth graders; by 2000, that share had risen to 11 percent.”
“More and more of us are realizing that it’s the make or break year for many 14- and 15-year-olds,” says Jon Zaff, director of the Center for Promise at Tufts University. “It’s a time when the cognitive, emotional, and physical are all coming together. The schools are likely new environments, and the students have more autonomy and more homework.”
Not only are youths entering the intimidating institution that is high school, they are experiencing the usual adolescent angst and depending on poor decision-making skills. “Students entering high school—just at the time brains are in flux—still have the propensity to be impulsive and are prone to making mistakes,” says Washington D.C. psychoanalyst Dr. Linda Stern. “They are therefore experimental and trying to separate and might try substances that interfere with the normal developmental process. Put all that together with raging hormones, the normal academic pressures, and meeting a whole new group to be judged by.”
When kids fall behind and have to repeat a grade, they can wind up in a vicious cycle of peer judgment and low self-esteem. “We are ending up with something now called the ninth-grade bulge,” explains Zaff, “which means a glut of students who have to repeat the grade. So they are stigmatized socially as well as academically, which can also lead to their finding it easier to just give up.”
While she doesn't deny that the ninth grade is a pivotal moment in a student’s education , Diane Ravitch, author of Reign of Error, has her suspicions about the motivations behind schools’ growing interest in ninth-grade performance. "Many schools allow students to advance ready or not, and when they reach the ninth the stakes are higher. The high-stakes testing starts in the tenth grade so kids are being held back not for their own sake but to protect their school’s statistics. If the focus were really on the students, people would be thinking creatively about how to help them instead of thinking if them as data points."
***
Educators are honing in on three indicators—attendance, behavior, and course performance—that are believed to be the most accurate measurements of a student’s likelihood to either quit school or move on. A lengthy, detailed guide from the National High School Center states that “more students fail ninth grade than any other grade in high school, and a disproportionate number of students who are held back in ninth grade subsequently drop out.” The guide describes telltale signs that can be detected as early as the first semester of the first year in high school: The biggest risk factor for failing ninth, for example, is the number of absences during the first 30 days. Missing more than 10 percent is cause for concern. In addition, first-year high-school students are classified as ‘on track’ if they earn at least five full year course credits, and have received no more than one F per semester. So to be ‘off track’? You do the math.
High schools are working to use this information to keep students in school past the ninth grade.  The Everyone Graduates Center at the Johns Hopkins School of Education recommends something called the Freshman Seminar for students in their first year of high school. The program offers learning materials and training specialists to aid students in study and social skills. Some students use it during homeroom or advisory periods, some during special enhancement periods.
“We try to build some relevance into their experience to go along with the regular curriculum,” says  Mary Maushard, communications director for the Everyone Graduates Center. “So many of these ninth graders—particularly in high-poverty areas—just don’t see any reason to stay in school.”
There are signs that programs and administrators are getting through to high school freshmen. In Portland, Oregon, Self-Enhancement Inc.–which employs coordinators to oversee 30 high-risk students each, in 12 public schools—takes pride in a 98 percent high-school graduation rate for the students it works with. Goals are set for every student, and the aides are available 24/7 and serve as links between child and school, parent and school, and child and parent.
“A lot of what we do is to prepare the students for the ninth grade,” says Self-Enhancement project manager Lisa Manning. “We make sure they have cultural activities that engage them and that they attend a six week-summer program for the academics before even starting.” 
New York City’s Flushing High School, one of the city's so-called “dropout factories,” now hosts a program designed to keep at-risk students in school. Initiated by the Sports and Arts In Schools Foundation, a non-profit that works to improve low-performing schools in the city, and sponsored by AT&T, the program brings in a support staff to encourage students to participate in after-school activities in athletics and the arts and to work closely with low-performing students throughout the school day.
“Just by staying on top of the students who were considered to be in trouble academically, we’ve had tremendous success,” says Amir Sultan, a program manager for the Sports and Arts in Schools Foundation. “Now, some 85 percent have moved on to the tenth grade. That’s not only double-digit improvement over previous numbers, but over the other students not in the program.”
The answers seem to be coming, however gradually, and at least the right questions are being asked. “The main one is what does each of these potential dropouts in the ninth grade need as they make this big transition?” says Zaff. “It’s a time of great upheaval and great opportunity.”
This article available online at:
http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/11/ninth-grade-the-most-important-year-in-high-school/281056/